NC5X unix操作系统知识以及优化.ppt

用友软件股份有限公司2010年10月15日unix操作系统知识以及优化Unix性能优化UNIXPerformanceToolsPerformanceAnalysisToolsCPUMemoryI/OSubsysNetworkSubsvmstat,iostatvmstatiostat,vmstatlsattrpslspslspsnetstatsarsvmonlsattrnfsstatgprof/prof/tproflsdevnetpmontime/timexlspv,lslv,lsvgifconfignetpmonfileplaceiptrace/ipreportlocktracefilemonfilemontcpdumptopastopastopastopasPTX/xmperfPTX/xmperfPTX/xmperfPTX/xmperfnmonnmonnmonprocmon,lparstat,mpstat,cpupstatprocmon,lparstatnfs4clpsstat(solaris)DiskSuite(solaris)glance,top(hp)glance,top(hp)glance,top(hp)nettune,NetMetrix,lanscan,lanadmin(hp)PerformanceTuningToolsnice/renicevmo/vmtunevmo/vmtunenoschedo/schedtuneioo/vmtuneioo/vmtunenfsobindprocessorchps,mkpschdevchdevchdevfdprmigratepvifconfigsetprichdevchlvbindintcpurmssreorgvgprocmonNC要求unix系统参数参数设置AIX：smittysyschgHP-UNIXSamSolaris修改系统问题件/etc/systemCpu:进程数Aixnprocmaxuproc500chdev–lsys0maxuproc=500HPmaxuprc512max_thread_proc2048kctune-hmaxuprc=512Solarismax_nprocs10+16*maxusers32768maxuprcmax_nproc–reserved_proces(5-266)内存中的文件缓存AIXvmtune-p5-P20vmo-p-omaxperm%=15vmo-p-ominperm%=5vmo-p-omaxclient%=15vmo-p-olru_file_repage=0vmo-p-omaxpin%=90Hpunixfilecache_max=10%filecache_min=5%SolarisIn/etc/system:setbufhwm=10240I/OPathFilesystemI/OapplicationapplicationapplicationRawLVMI/ORawDiskI/OFilesystemVMMDirectI/OLogicalvolumeLogicalvolumeadapteradapterdiskdiskdiskadapter/dev/hdisk2blkmode/dev/rdisk2charmode同步I/Odiskwrite()schedulewritewritereturn异步I/O异步IO设置AIX检查AIO是否能够使用lslpp-lbos.rte.aiomkdev-laio0设置AIOchdev-P-laio0-aautoconfig=’available’Smityyaiomaxreqs–最大等待队列maxservers–最大数量的AIO进程minserver–最小数量的AIO进程Hpunix检查AIO是否能够使用fuser/dev/async设置AIO/sbin/mknod/dev/asyncc1010x0sam->;KernelConfiguration->;Drivers->;asyncdsk调整为in交换分区swap一般交换分区大小设置为实际内存的1-2倍即可AIX检查系统交换分区大小:#lsps–a修改swap大小：smitchpsHP1.创建一个24G的空间lvcreate-L24576-nmyswap/dev/vg002.添加文件中将/dev/vg00/myswap/myswapswapdefaults00写进/etc/fstab中mkdir/myswap3.激活swapswapon–a4.查看swapinfo-atm交换分区swapSolaris1.创建一个swap文件目录：#mkdir-p/usr/local/swap2.在/usr/local/swap目录里创建一个大约20MB的swap文件，命名为swapfile。#mkfile20m/usr/local/swap/swapfile3.向系统swap空间中添加swap文件：#swap-a/usr/local/swap/swapfile4.列出修改后的swap空间信息：#swap-l5.修改配置文件让系统重启后自动加载新swap空间信息：#vi/etc/vfstab#devicedevicemountFSfsckmountmount#tomounttofsckpointtypepassatbootoptions.../usr/local/swap/swapfile--swap-no-JAVAheapdumpexportIBM_HEAPDUMP_OUTOFMEMORY=falseexportIBM_JAVADUMP_OUTOFMEMORY=falsetopasglanceCPUMonitoringTools–sar#sar-u53(CPU)19:28:02%usr%sys%wio%idle19:28:070609419:28:121409519:28:0774090Average34093#sar-c13(Syscalls)19:28:25scall/ssread/sswrit/sfork/sexec/srchar/swchar/s19:28:261343610.000.002691306151719:28:27463410.000.002716922153119:28:28463410.000.0027169221531Average753510.000.0027083291527#sar-q5319:31:42runq-sz%runoccswpq-sz%swpocc19:31:471.01001.010019:31:522.01001.010019:31:571.01001.0100Average1.3951.095nmonnmon-f-s30-c180svmonTool通过内存中的快照：Global[svmon-G]Process[svmon-P]svmonToolGlobal[svmon-G]svmon-G大小正在使用空闲引脚虚拟内存786432999806864526154586822调页空间163841084工作持久客户大页面引脚451640016384正在使用702611333508192页面大小大小空闲大页池16MB42系统的内存大小是786432帧，即786432*4*1024字节（3GB）。这个大小分成正在使用的帧（99980帧）和空闲帧（686452帧）。svmonToolsvmon-Psvmon-P278620-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Pid命令正在使用引脚调页空间虚拟64位多线程大页面278620shm_lgpg641378111319108313769YNY页大小正在使用引脚调页空间虚拟4KB558931271083557716MB2202VsidEsid类型描述大页面正在使用引脚调页空间虚拟1cf8e70000000工作缺省shmat／mmapY819281920819200工作内核段-50253127108350251a9ad90000000工作共享库正文-4200042020cf090020014工作共享库正文-96009618f8c9001000a工作共享库正文-16001616d0b9fffffff持久/dev/hd2:309263-100--30af89ffffffe工作-7007ef878fffffff工作专用负荷-50051af8d80020014工作专用负荷-400410f88ffffffff工作应用程序堆栈-300316f8b10持久文本数据BSS堆-20--/dev/hd1:205314f8a11工作文本数据BSS堆-1001Filemonfilemon–ofilename.out-Oall;sleep60;trcstopFilemon24DetailedreportsatPVandLVlayers(onlyforoneLVshown)SimilarreportsforeachPVVOLUME:/dev/rms09_lvdescription:/RMS/bormspr0/oradata07reads:23999(0errs)readsizes(blks):avg439.7min16max2048sdev814.8readtimes(msec):avg85.609min0.139max1113.574sdev140.417readsequences:19478readseq.lengths:avg541.7min16max12288sdev1111.6writes:350(0errs)writesizes(blks):avg16.0min16max16sdev0.0writetimes(msec):avg42.959min0.340max289.907sdev60.348writesequences:348writeseq.lengths:avg16.1min16max32sdev1.2seeks:19826(81.4%)seekdist(blks):init18262432,avg24974715.3min16max157270944sdev44289553.4timetonextreq(msec):avg12.316min0.000max537.792sdev31.794throughput:17600.8KB/secutilization:1.00filemondetailedreportsFilemonfileplace-pv#fileplace-pvbig1File:big1Size:3554273bytesVol:/dev/hd10BlkSize:4096FragSize:4096Nfrags:868Compress:noInode:19Mode:-rwxr-xr-xOwner:hoetzelGroup:systemPhysicalAddresses(mirrorcopy1)LogicalFragment--------------------------------------------------0001584-0001591hdisk08frags32768Bytes,0.9%0001040-00010470001624-0001671hdisk048frags196608Bytes,5.5%0001080-00011270001728-0002539hdisk0812frags3325952Bytes,93.5%0001184-0001995868fragsoverspaceof956frags:spaceefficiency=90.8%3fragmentsoutof868possible:sequentiality=99.8%Reorgvg重组要重组vg02卷组中的逻辑卷lv03、lv04和lv07，请输入：reorgvgvg02lv03lv04lv07psaux最大传输单元(MTU)网络上传送的最大数据包。MTU的单位是字节。大部分网络设备的MTU都是1500。如果本机的MTU比网关的MTU大，大的数据包就会被拆开来传送，这样会产生很多数据包碎片，增加丢包率，降低网络速度。把本机的MTU设成比网关的MTU小或相同，就可以减少丢包。MTU的分包过程HostANet1MTU=1500HostBNet3MTU=1500Net2MTU=620G1G2DatagramHeaderData-1600bytesData-2600bytesData-3200bytesFragment-1HeaderData-1600bytesFragment-2HeaderData-2600bytesFragment-3HeaderData-3200bytesFragment1(offset0)Fragment2(offset600)Fragment3(offset1200)TuningofMTU问题原因:包被分裂如何修改:AIX:SMITHpunix:查看：lanadmin-m0设置：lanadmin-M14000Solaris:ifconfiginterfacemtu1400系统日志AIXerrpt系统异常信息日志。/etc/security/failedlogin记录用户失败的登录信息，是二进制文件，用who命令来阅读其内容可根据需要保留60天中有用的内容，其余删除/var/adm/sulog用户使用su命令的日志可根据需要保留60天中有用的内容，其余删除/var/adm/cron/logcron的日志可截短/var/adm/messages用于记录syslog进程的日志可适当保留最后1000行，或删除/etc/shutdown.log系统关机过程日志，用shutdown-l命令产生可适当保留最后1000行，或删除系统日志Hpunix/var/adm/syslog/syslog.log一般系统日志/var/adm/sw/*.log软件安装日志日期，分析发生的相关问题/var/adm/wtmp用户登录信息用last命令查看/var/adm/btmp用户登录失败信息用lastb命令查看/var/sam/log/samlogSAM日志/etc/shutdownlog关机(shutdown)信息系统日志Solaris/var/adm/messages系统错误信息