NC技术顾问工作指导手册(NCV3).doc

NC技术顾问工作指导手册NC技术顾问工作指导手册撰写人:NC&HR技术支持部日期:2004-11-08文控编号:版本：2.0审核人：复印份数_____北京用友软件股份有限公司技术顾问资源中心Page1of189NC技术顾问工作指导手册版本控制查阅NamePosition分发CopyNo.NameLocation北京用友软件股份有限公司技术顾问资源中心Page2of189NC技术顾问工作指导手册目录硬件篇....................................................................................11第一章...............................................应用规模硬件配置推荐11附：推荐案例...........................................................................................11第二章双机备份...................................................................................14第三章磁盘阵列技术介绍...................................................163.1技术术语...............................................................................................163.1.1Array：阵列...............................................................................................163.1.2ArraySpanning：阵列跨越.......................................................................163.1.3CachePolicy：高速缓存策略...................................................................163.1.4CapacityExpansion：容量扩展...............................................................163.1.5Channel：通道...........................................................................................163.1.6Format：格式化...........................................................................................173.1.7HotSpare：热备用...................................................................................173.1.8HotswapDiskModule：热交换磁盘模式...............................................173.1.9I2O（IntelligentInput/Output）：智能输入输出...........................173.1.10Initialization：初始化.......................................................................173.1.11IOP（I/OProcessor）：输入输出处理器...........................................173.1.12LogicalDrive：逻辑驱动器...................................................................183.1.13LogicalVolume：逻辑卷.......................................................................183.1.14Mirroring：镜像.......................................................................................183.1.15PowerFailSafeguard：掉电保护.......................................................183.1.16RAID：独立冗余磁盘阵列.......................................................................183.1.17RAIDLevels：RAID级别...........................................................................183.1.18ReadPolicy：读取策略...........................................................................193.1.19ReadyState：就绪状态...........................................................................193.1.20RebuildRate：重建率...........................................................................193.1.21Reconstruct：重构...................................................................................193.1.22SCSIDiskStatus：SCSI磁盘状态.......................................................193.1.23StripeSize：条带容量...........................................................................203.1.24Striping：条带化...................................................................................203.1.24VirtualSizing：虚拟容量...................................................................203.1.25Writepolicy：写入策略.......................................................................203.1.26DiskStriping：硬盘数据分段...............................................................203.1.27Duplexing：双控.......................................................................................203.1.28FaultTolerant：容错...........................................................................213.1.29HostAdapter：主机控制器...................................................................21北京用友软件股份有限公司技术顾问资源中心Page3of189NC技术顾问工作指导手册3.1.30HotFix：热修复.......................................................................................213.1.31HotPatch：热补.......................................................................................213.1.32MTBDL－MeanTimeBetweenDataLoss：平均数据丢失时间...........213.1.33MTBF－MeanTimeBetweenFailure或MTIF：平均无故障工作时间213.1.34RAID－RedundantArrayofInexpensiveDrives：廉价冗余磁盘阵列..................................................................................................................................213.1.35ReconstructionorRebuild：系统重建...............................................213.1.36ReconstructionTime：恢复时间...........................................................213.1.37单个大容量硬盘（SLED－SingeExpensiveDrive）。...................213.1.38TransferRate：传输速率.......................................................................213.1.39VirtualDisk：虚拟盘...........................................................................223.2磁盘阵列技术原理分析...............................................223.2.1认识磁盘阵列技术.......................................................................................223.22磁盘阵列分类...............................................................................................243.2.3硬盘故障恢复...............................................................................................303.2.4性能..............................................................................................................31操作系统篇（AIX5L）....................................................32第一章存储管理.......................................................................................321.1逻辑卷管理...........................................................................................321.1.1基本概念.......................................................................................................331.1.2相关命令和注意事项...................................................................................342.1文件系统管理...................................................................................352.1.1文件系统概述...............................................................................................353.1磁盘交换区.......................................................................................38第二章监测系统性能...................................................................382.1综述..............................................................................................................382.2性能工具和调整步骤.......................................................382.2.1和性能有关的工具.......................................................................................382.2.2性能调整步骤...............................................................................................382.3CPU活动的监视...................................................................................392.4虚拟内存的性能.......................................................................392.5网络性能...............................................................................................40第三章AIX系统管理界面工具.......................................40第四章与NC相关的系统参数设置...............................514.1影响NC进程参数...........................................................................514.2影响NC打开文件数据等参数...............................514.3影响系统内存使用的参数.......................................514.4调整异步IO...........................................................................................514.5文件系统空间的设定...........................................................514.6SSA卡的设置...........................................................................................51北京用友软件股份有限公司技术顾问资源中心Page4of189NC技术顾问工作指导手册第五章常用的AIX命令.......................................................................525.1pwd..............................................................................................................................525.2ls..................................................................................................................................525.3mkdir..........................................................................................................................525.4rm..................................................................................................................................535.5cp..................................................................................................................................535.6mv..............................................................................................................................535.7find..............................................................................................................................535.8type..............................................................................................................................535.9more..........................................................................................................................545.10ps..............................................................................................................................545.11kill..............................................................................................................................545.12vi..............................................................................................................................545.13ftp..............................................................................................................................555.14chmod......................................................................................................................555.15crontab......................................................................................................................565.16prtconf......................................................................................................................565.17oslevel..........................................................................................................................59网络篇....................................................................................59第一章TCP/IP协议基础.......................................................................591.1TCP/IP整体构架概述...................................................................591.2TCP/IP中的协议...................................................................................601.3TCP和UDP的端口结构...................................................................611.4IP路由简介...........................................................................................61第二章VPN、代理服务器与防火墙...............................622.1VPN..........................................................................................................................622.2代理服务器.......................................................................................632.3防火墙.......................................................................................................642.4NC与代理服务器/防火墙相关的问题.......66第三章常用网络命令与工具...............................................683.1Ping..........................................................................................................................683.2Netstat.......................................................................................................693.3ARP（地址转换协议）...........................................................703.4Tracert..................................................................................................................703.5IPConfig..................................................................................................................723.6Route......................................................................................................................723.7nbtstat..................................................................................................................733.8使用pathping测试路由器...........................................743.9网络诊断实例：...........................................................................75北京用友软件股份有限公司技术顾问资源中心Page5of189NC技术顾问工作指导手册3.10网络工具:snifferpro...................................................................76第四章网络连接..................................................................................................................844.1Internet接入方式..............................................................................................................844.2NC对网络要求的标准：...........................................................................................864.3NC对接入方式的要求:...............................................................................................86数据库篇..............................................................................87第一章ORACLE9i数据库管理.......................................................871.1安装oracle产品...............................................................................871.1.1windows平台...............................................................................................871.1.2unix平台.......................................................................................................871.1.3自动启动及关闭数据库的配置...................................................................871.2建立数据库.......................................................................................901.3重点初始化参数.......................................................................911.4管理oracle进程...............................................................................921.5管理控制文件...............................................................................931.6管理Redolog文件...........................................................................941.7管理表空间.......................................................................................951.7管理表.......................................................................................................961.8管理索引...............................................................................................961.9管理分区表和索引...............................................................961.10管理数据块（dbblock）...................................................971.11用户权限及角色的管理...............................................99第二章OEM管理工具...................................................................................992.1OEM结构图...................................................................................................992.2OracleDiagnostics包...........................................................................992.3TUNING包...................................................................................................101第三章oracle数据库优化管理...........................................1033.1前言：定位及优化的思路...................................1033.2认识优化器（optimizer）...........................................1033.3SQL语句优化相关工作及所用工具...............1043.4内存的配置...................................................................................1043.5I/O的规划...............................................................................................1043.6优化网络问题...........................................................................105第四章附件...............................................................................................1054.1基本的数据字典...................................................................1054.2与性能相关的一些动态视图...........................105第五章DB2v8维护...................................................................................1065.1创建数据库...................................................................................1065.1.1实例管理...................................................................................................1065.1.2数据库管理...............................................................................................106北京用友软件股份有限公司技术顾问资源中心Page6of189NC技术顾问工作指导手册5.1.3表空间管理...............................................................................................1075.1.4BufferPool管理...................................................................................1085.2实例和数据库的参数配置...................................1095.2.1参数概述...................................................................................................1095.2.2主要参数说明...........................................................................................1105.3数据库编目...................................................................................1115.4数据移动...............................................................................................1125.4.1中间文件格式...........................................................................................1125.4.2EXPORT.......................................................................................................1125.4.3IMPORT.......................................................................................................1135.5备份和恢复...................................................................................1135.5.1备份...........................................................................................................1135.5.2恢复...........................................................................................................1145.6DB2与优化相关的一些有用命令（工具）1145.7重要的数据字典...................................................................115NC管理篇............................................................................116第一章NC基础技术.......................................................................1161.1基于网络的WEB应用（B/S结构）...................1161.2基于大型数据库...................................................................1161.3基于JAVA语言、J2EE开发体系结构...........1161.4其他..............................................................................................................117第二章EJB基础知识.......................................................................1182.1什么是J2EE...............................................................................................1182.1.1什么是J2EE...................................................................................................1182.1.2J2EE应用框架图.......................................................................................1192.2EJB框架.......................................................................................................1192.2.1EJB编程定制图形...................................................................................1192.2.2EJB部署图...............................................................................................1202.2.3EJB调用图...............................................................................................1202.2.4EJB服务器...............................................................................................121第三章NC技术架构.......................................................................1213.1NC的调用层次图.......................................................................1213.2代码部署图形...........................................................................1223.3调用例子...........................................................................................123第四章NC集群服务器使用详解.......................................1234.1什么是集群服务器...............................................................1234.2NC集群服务器工作原理...............................................1244.3NC集群服务器拓扑结构...............................................1244.4集群服务器与同时访问多台服务器在应北京用友软件股份有限公司技术顾问资源中心Page7of189NC技术顾问工作指导手册用上的区别...............................................................................................1254.5如何配置NC集群服务器应用模式...............1264.6集群服务器应用技巧一例.......................................127第五章NC3.0Setting工具使用指南...................................1285.1Setting工具用途...........................................................................1285.2Setting工具具体使用...........................................................1285.3使用经验..............................................................................................................133第六章Monitor工具使用指南...........................................1336.1.1监控内容设置...........................................................................................1336.1.2查看服务器节点信息...............................................................................1356.2.1可用的工具...............................................................................................1396.2.2用以上工具做相关节点性能定位...........................................................1396.2.3对系统总体性能的监控：.......................................................................139第七章客户端工具使用指南...........................................1417.1前言...........................................................................................................1417.2JAVA插件...................................................................................................1417.3客户端java控制台...............................................................1427.4NC性能监控窗口默认功能.......................................1437.5NC性能监控窗口扩展功能.......................................1447.6NC性能监控窗口中的信息分析.......................146第八章NC线程状态详细...........................................................1478.1前言...........................................................................................................1478.2NC的调用流程与对应的线程工作状态1478.2.1Web服务器请求处理...............................................................................1478.2.2BO业务处理状态.......................................................................................1488.2.3与后台数据库连接操作及数据处理信息...............................................1498.3总结...........................................................................................................152第九章JDK及其参数配置...........................................................1529.1什么是JDK...............................................................................................1529.2java相关参数设置...................................................................1539.2.1参数说明...................................................................................................1559.2.2NC启动时java参数设置建议：...............................................................1569.2.3java参数设置不当可能导致NC的问题：...........................................156第十章NC配置文件简介...........................................................15710.1/ierp/bin/prop.xml....................................................................................15710.2/ierp/bin/account.xml...............................................................................15810.3/ierp/bin/config.xml...................................................................................15810.4/ierp/bin下的其他目录及文件...................................15910.5其他资源目录：（./webapps/nc_web下）...16110.5.1./webapps/nc_web/Client目录下：...................................................16110.5.2./webapps/nc_web/logo目录...........................................................161第十一章NC日志中常见例外分析...............................161北京用友软件股份有限公司技术顾问资源中心Page8of189NC技术顾问工作指导手册11.1网络问题...........................................................................................16111.2数据库问题...................................................................................16411.3程序问题...........................................................................................16611.4环境...........................................................................................................167第十二章NC常见环境问题...................................................16712.1应用服务器端...........................................................................16812.1.1启动环境问题.......................................................................................16812.1.2中间件停止响应...................................................................................16912.2JDK环境...................................................................................................17112.3操作系统环境...........................................................................17212.4客户端问题...................................................................................17312.5数据库问题...................................................................................174第十三章NC常用端口及常用命令...............................................................................17613.1：常用端口.......................................................................................17613.2：常用命令：...............................................................................17813.4：其他：...............................................................................................178第十四章：NC3.0版本压力测试工具使用指南17914.1:前言...........................................................................................................17914.2:压力工具文件目录说明...........................................17914.3:录制脚本...........................................................................................18014.4:回放脚本...........................................................................................18014.5:常见错误...........................................................................................182第十五章NC定位问题的思路浅谈.......................18215.1基础...........................................................................................................18215.2现象...........................................................................................................18315.3信息...........................................................................................................18315.4分析............................................................................................