1.方案目的

(1)防止了Oralce 数据库主机单点故障和存储单点故障，但Oracle建议在两端，特别是在生产端采用RAC架构来实现本地的数据库服务器容错，达到真正的最高可用；

(2)备库可以用于查询、报表生成，测试及写重定向等操作，分担生产端负载；

(3)在物理备用数据库上使用快速增量备份、自动数据块修复, 保证应用系统零宕机时间;

(4)可结合Oracle管理工具(Enterprise Management)来充分简化Active Data Guard灾备环境的监控和管理;
2.ADG架构

3.ADG前提条件
3.1归档参数配置
archive log list; 或者

select name,log_mode from v$database;

3.2归档路径设置

show parameter recovery;
alter system set db_recovery_file_dest_size=4g;
alter system set db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/archivelog';
alter system set log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.arc' scope=spfile;

alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/archivelog’;

3.3开启归档并强制写日志

shutdown immediate;
startup mount;
alter database archivelog;
alter database open;

select force_logging from v$database;
ater database force logging;
create pfile from spfile;

4.主库参数配置操作

4.1静态监听和Tnsnames配置
建议参考官方位置配置：

Books-->Net Services Reference--> 7 Oracle Net Listener Parameters (listener.ora)
Example 7-1 listener.ora File
LISTENER=
  (DESCRIPTION=
    (ADDRESS_LIST=
      (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=sale-server)(PORT=1521))
      (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=extproc))
  )
 )
SID_LIST_LISTENER=
  (SID_LIST=
    (SID_DESC=
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME=sales.us.example.com)
      (ORACLE_HOME=/oracle11g)
      (SID_NAME=sales)
    )
)

配置tnsnames.ora:
Books-->Net Services Reference-->6 Local Naming Parameters (tnsnames.ora) -->Example 6-1  && Example(搜dedicated)

4.2参数文件修改：
创建参数文件：
sqlplus / as sysdba;
create pfile from spfile;

参考官方文档位置:
去掉官方文档中下面三行：
REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE=EXCLUSIVE
DB_NAME=chicago
CONTROL_FILES=。。。
修改‘/arch1/boston/’,‘/arch1/chicago/’,‘/arch2/boston/’,‘/arch2/为 'sbdb1','PROD1'
%s/chicago/PROD1/g
%s/boston/sbdb1/g

使用新创建参数文件启动数据库：create spfile from pfie;
startup;

4.3添加standby logfile文件
检查日志文件路径及大小：
set linesize  200
col member for a60
select group#,member from v$logfile;
select bytes/1024/1024 mb from v$log;

编辑日志文件sql:
vi 1.sql    
alter database add standby logfile '/u01/app/oradata/prod1/redo04.log' size 50M;
alter database add standby logfile '/u01/app/oradata/prod1/redo05.log' size 50M;
alter database add standby logfile '/u01/app/oradata/prod1/redo06.log' size 50M;
alter database add standby logfile '/u01/app/oradata/prod1/redo07.log' size 50M;

执行：@1.sql
5.备库操作
5.1静态监听和tnsnames配置（copy主机listener.ora和tnsnames.ora即可）
5.2拷贝主库参数文件、密码文件：
cd  $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
scp  adg1:/u01/app/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapwprod1 orapwsbdb1
scp  adg1:/u01/app/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initprod1.ora initsbdb1.ora修改参数文件：
vi initsbdb1.ora
%s/prod1/aaaa/g
%s/sbdb1/prod1/g
%s/aaaa/sbdb1/g
db_name=prod1  (一定不能变)

5.3创建参数文件中目录：
cat initsbdb1.ora  |grep  '/'
mkdir  -p /u01/app/db/admin/sbdb1/adump
mkdir -p /u01/app/oradata/sbdb1
mkdir  -p /u01/app/db/fast_recovery_area/sbdb1
mkdir -p /home/oracle/flash
mkdir -p /home/oracle/temp
mkdir  -p /home/oracle/scripts

6.备库恢复操作
6.1rman duplicate 方式进行备库恢复

主库通过 rman duplicate 方式进行备库恢复：export  ORACLE_SID=PROD1
rman target /  auxiliary sys/system@sbdb1duplicate target database for standby from active database;

6.2检查ADG状态

主库检查状态：select database_role from v$database;
select open_mode from v$database;
alter system switch logfile;(3次）
archive log list

备库检查状态：select database_role from v$database;
select open_mode from v$database;
archive log list;
select process, pid, status, client_process from v$managed_standby;

7.备库打开并同步数据
7.1备库打开数据库应用日志

备库检查状态应用日志（物理standby)：select protection_mode ,protection_level,database_role from v$database;recover managed standby database using   current logfile disconnect from session;

7.2备库打开数据库再应用日志：
recover managed standby database cancel;
alter database open;
recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;
select open_mode from v$database;

7.3主库创建表测试数据同步

主库创建表
create  table scott.test(id number);
insert into scott.test values(09);commit ;

备库检查
select count(*) from scott.test

到次，ADG配置完成。

8.参考Oracle官方手册
Books-->Data Guard Concepts and Administration-->
    3 Creating a Physical Standby Database-->
          Example 3-1 Primary Database: Primary Role Initialization Parameters Snapshot 备库：

Books-->Data Guard Concepts and Administration-->
    3 Creating a Physical Standby Database-->
       3.2.6 Start the Physical Standby Database
            Step 4   Start Redo Apply.

8.1详情参考社区视频：
https://vip.kingdee.com/school/189065741964806656 
https://vip.kingdee.com/school/189065257623620608