一、备份shr数据库

1.创建directory目录用于数据库备份还原，也可以不创建使用已有的directory目录

create or replace directory DMPDIR as  '/home/easbak'; 

select * from dba_directories;

2.赋权 directory目录

grant read,write on directory DMPDIR to eas86;

3.导出数据库备份

expdp eas86/eas86@orcl directory=DMPDIR schemas=eas86 dumpfile=eas_zs_20230320.dmp EXCLUDE=STATISTICS 

二、还原shr数据库

1.创建新数据库表空间

create tablespace EAS_D_SHR0320_STANDARD datafile '/home/oracle/easdata/EAS_D_SHR0320_STANDARD.dbf' size 2000m autoextend on next 200m maxsize unlimited;

create tablespace EAS_D_SHR0320_INDEX datafile '/home/oracle/easdata/EAS_D_SHR0320_INDEX.dbf' size 200m autoextend on next 50m maxsize unlimited;

create tablespace EAS_D_SHR0320_TEMP  datafile '/home/oracle/easdata/EAS_D_SHR0320_TEMP.dbf' size 200m autoextend on next 50m maxsize unlimited;

create temporary tablespace EAS_T_SHR0320_STANDARD tempfile '/home/oracle/easdata/EAS_T_SHR0320_STANDARD.dbf' size 100m autoextend on next 50m maxsize unlimited;

2.创建新的用户并指定默认表空间

create user SHR0320 identified by SHR0320 default tablespace EAS_D_SHR0320_STANDARD temporary tablespace EAS_T_SHR0320_STANDARD profile default account unlock;

3.授权新用户

Grant create session, create table, create procedure, create view, create sequence, create trigger, create materialized  view, SELECT ANY DICTIONARY to SHR0320; 

grant read,write on directory dmpdir to SHR0320;

4.导入新库，用新的用户及表空间替换原备份中的用户和表空间

impdp SHR0320/SHR0320 directory=DMPDIR dumpfile= eas_zs_20230320.dmp logfile=eas_zs_20230320.log REMAP_SCHEMA=eas86:SHR0320 remap_tablespace= EAS_D_EAS86_STANDARD:EAS_D_SHR0320_STANDARD remap_tablespace= EAS_D_EAS86_INDEX:EAS_D_SHR0320_INDEX remap_tablespace= EAS_D_EAS86_TEMP2:EAS_T_SHR0320_STANDARD

三、其它注意事项

1.expdp、impdp命令在Oracle用户下使用，创建数据库表用户、表空间、授权等命令在sqlplus下使用；

2.若原数据库过大（超过32G），需要创建多个数据表空间文件

alter tablespace EAS_D_SHR0818_STANDARD add datafile '/home/oracle/easdata/EAS_D_SHR0320_STANDARD01.dbf' size 2000m autoextend on next 200m maxsize unlimited; 

3.若还原数据库出现报错导致还原失败，可删除用户及表空间，重新操作

drop user shr0818 cascade;